Quantum computer versus traditional computer
A traditional computer does calculations using bits with values of either 0 or 1. By contrast, a quantum computer applies the laws of quantum mechanics, which is the theory of physics that details the way of the world at its tiniest level.
A quantum computer does not calculate using bits but with quantum bits, also known as qubits. The additional feature of Qubits is that they can simultaneously have the values 0 and 1. This feature allows quantum computers to solve certain problems a lot faster than conventional computers, opening up many opportunities. For instance, developing a new drug much faster or doing fundamental research. However, it also means that this feature allows for much of our current cryptography to be deciphered much more easily.
A powerful quantum computer will break cryptography
Experts estimate that between 2030 and 2050, a quantum computer will become available that can either crack or debilitate the most widely used forms of cryptography. The threat will initially primarily come from so-called state-level actors (national governments). Confidentiality – meaning only authorised people can access information – is not the only aspect at risk. The integrity and reliability of processes, data and information are equally at stake.
One threat which is already in play today is that of malicious actors stealing data to decipher it with the quantum computer in the future. We call this risk the ‘Store Now, Decrypt Later. ‘ And, a little further down the line, but certainly no less significant, authentication and authorisation will also be at risk.
